Albania, a familiar yet unfamiliar place, is located in the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, with the Adriatic Sea separating it from Italy to the west. It borders Greece to the south and is adjacent to North Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro to the east and north. Albania is a small country, covering 28,800 square kilometers, with a population of 2.88 million. It is said that between 7 to 10 million Albanians live abroad. Although modest in size and population, Albania has never lacked influence on the global stage. Throughout history, it has been either directly involved in or on the fringes of major global conflicts.
Albania is considered one of the oldest nations in the world, though not many people are aware of this. Historically, the ancient Illyrians, one of Europe’s earliest civilizations, originated from this region. As early as 2000 BCE, they left their mark on the Balkan Peninsula. However, their achievements were overshadowed by those of the Greeks and Romans, who established more renowned civilizations. Albania remained somewhat isolated, finding solace in its obscurity. But peace was short-lived, as the Romans, Byzantines, Bulgarians, Serbians, and the Venetians all vied for control of the region. By the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire began its near 500-year rule over Albania. Throughout this period of oppression, Albanians repeatedly resisted, fostering a resilient and unyielding spirit. Their fierce determination eventually led to national liberation and independence.
During the 20th century, under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, Albania became one of the most revolutionary nations in Europe. The country firmly upheld Stalinist principles, isolated itself from both the West and the Soviet Union, and positioned itself as a lone champion against imperialism. Domestically, the government banned all religions and proclaimed Albania the world’s only atheist state in 1967. The entire nation was militarized, with tens of thousands of bunkers built to defend against potential invaders. Even after the collapse of socialism, these concrete bunkers remained scattered across the landscape as curious remnants of the past.
In the 1990s, Albania transitioned to a market economy, initially experiencing some stability with Western financial support. However, the lack of regulatory oversight led to a proliferation of Ponzi schemes across the country. By 1996, interest rates soared to 40% per month, enticing nearly two-thirds of the population into these schemes. Inevitably, the bubble burst in 1997, triggering widespread panic and unrest. The ensuing chaos resulted in looting, riots, and armed conflict, with over 3,000 deaths and $10 billion in damages. Order was only restored when the United Nations deployed peacekeeping forces.
Despite its tumultuous history, Albania has made significant progress in recent years, thanks to international support and economic reforms. The country has valuable natural resources, including hydroelectric power and oil reserves. Albania is also home to stunning landscapes, such as Lake Ohrid, a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared with North Macedonia.
Tirana, the capital city, remains the primary destination for visitors. Founded by the Ottomans as a trading hub, Tirana is now the political, economic, and cultural center of Albania. At the heart of the city lies Skanderbeg Square, featuring a statue of the national hero Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg. The square is surrounded by landmarks, including royal palaces from the Zog dynasty, Ottoman-era mosques, museums, theaters, and the University of Tirana. The northeastern district contains the old town, while the eastern suburbs offer natural parks and recreational areas. Tirana’s charm lies in its abundant greenery, fresh air, and peaceful atmosphere, resembling a large natural park. Amid such beauty, who would need the distractions of urban nightlife or towering skyscrapers?
Skanderbeg Square
Skanderbeg Square is the largest square in Tirana and the most important square in the country. Nearly all major events in modern Albanian history seem to be connected with it. The square is named after Albania’s national hero, Skanderbeg. At the center of the southern part of the square stands the iconic equestrian statue of Skanderbeg, which serves as the square’s main landmark. Surrounding the square are various government and administrative buildings, including museums, the Palace of Culture, the opera house, and a mosque.
Xhamia e Et’hem Beut
Built in the 19th century, the Et’hem Bey Mosque is located to the right of Skanderbeg Square in Tirana. Among the few remaining historical buildings in Tirana, this mosque holds significant cultural importance. Its prominence is especially notable in Albania, where Islam is the predominant religion.
Resurrection of Christ Orthodox Cathedral
Located in the center of Tirana, the Resurrection of Christ Orthodox Cathedral was completed in 2012. The church’s exterior is grand and imposing, radiating an impressive aura. However, the interior is still undergoing further renovations.
Durrës
Durrës is the largest port city in northern Albania. Along the European coastline, businesses typically divide sections for operation, with different vendors setting up umbrellas and sun loungers by the shore, running bars or restaurants. Visitors can choose a spot they like, order a cold drink, and leisurely spend the entire day relaxing. It’s a delightful way to unwind. Of course, trying the local seafood is a must, though it may not be particularly different from that in other cities. The rest of the time can be spent enjoying the sea breeze and quietly savoring the sunset.
Lake Skadar
Lake Skadar separates Montenegro and Albania and is the largest inland lake in the Balkans. The local area has not overdeveloped tourism, focusing only on accommodation and dining services along the lake to preserve its natural state. Not far from the lake, perched on a hill, lies Rozafa Castle, offering the best panoramic views of the lake. The castle’s history dates back to the Illyrian period and bears witness to significant events, including the Ottoman siege of Shkodër in 1478 and Montenegro’s assault on the city in 1912. From the hilltop, one can faintly glimpse Montenegro across the lake while overlooking the full expanse of Shkodër city and Lake Skadar.
